‘I didn’t
see anybody that looked like me, or was like me’ ... Pat Cleveland at home in
New Jersey last month. Photograph: Paul Van Ravenstein
Black lives
Pat Cleveland: the model who partied with Warhol,
lived with Lagerfeld – and took on Vogue
She received death threats as a young model, but that
didn’t stop her. She refused Muhammad Ali’s proposal, inspired Dalí and set up
her own agency – then became an artist
by Ellen E
Jones
Thu 13 Aug
2020 06.00 BST
In the late
60s, Pat Cleveland was one of the most popular models in New York, working with
the best-known photographers: Irving Penn, Richard Avedon and Hiro. Yet she
could not get on the cover of Vogue. The photographers “were all very upset”,
she says, “because they’d shoot covers of me and sometimes the editors said:
‘Wow! This is the cover!’ Then they’d replace me with a caucasian girl. I just
got fed up.”
She made a
vow. “Why am I going to waste my time” in the US, she wondered, “when they
don’t care about people of colour?” In 1971, she moved to France, promising not
to return to the US until a black model was on the cover of US Vogue.
Paris was a
promised land. She slept on the floor of one of Karl Lagerfeld’s apartments
with fellow models Corey Tippin and Donna Jordan and the Vogue illustrators
Antonio Lopez and Juan Ramos. She remembers the young(ish) Lagerfeld fondly:
“He was like a muscle man at the time. He had this gym in his house, all
mirrors and low black lighting and calla lilies.” The illustrators would sketch
the models until midnight, when everyone got dressed up and went out to the
nightclubs – Le Palace and Nuage.
Pat Cleveland
eating a sandwich at the Battle of Versailles in 1973
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‘Every time we went out, we thought we were the Folies-Bergère’ ... Cleveland
eating a sandwich at the Battle of Versailles in 1973. Photograph: Fairchild
Archive/Penske Media/Rex/Shutterstock
In 1973,
American and French designers were asked to compete in a legendary fashion
show, the Battle of Versailles, held at the historic palace. French designers
including Yves Saint Laurent, Christian Dior and Hubert de Givenchy competed
against Halston, Bill Blass and Anne Klein. The Americans showed their designs
on a group of models that included 11 African Americans – which was
unprecedented at the time – and unexpectedly emerged triumphant. “Black was
popular,” says Cleveland. The mood among the models was comradely. “There were
no catfights. It was like: ‘Hey, let’s get it!’ We had our routines – every
time we went out, we thought we were the Folies-Bergère.”
The
following year, the black model Beverly Johnson appeared on the cover of US
Vogue. Cleveland was as good as her word. She returned to New York and began
spending her nights at Studio 54.
In the 60s
and 70s, she says, you had a choice. “It was like: are you gonna hang out with
the hippies, who are all lying around in beanbag chairs with torn jeans and
fuzzy hair? Or are you gonna comb your hair and go out at night and have
mimosas and steak au poivre and dance with the Supremes?”
Mick Jagger
was “one of the gang”. They dated, but rock star boyfriends were no big deal:
“There was nobody else around. It’s not like you could go out shopping in a
regular grocery store. You always had to shop at the specialty shop.”
One summer
in Florida, Muhammad Ali proposed to her. “He was just a big, fluffy, teddy
bear guy; shy and southern with nice, soft hair. He had this convertible
Cadillac with two bodyguards sat in the front and he’d take me out driving.
He’d always say stuff like: ‘OK, watch this!’ then drive to a poor area where
all the people would recognise him, like: ‘Muhammad! Muhammad!’ He’d stand up
and say: ‘Yeah, it’s me! You put your money on me and I’ll win for you.’” He
would say this in a rhythm, like “hip-hop rhyming”, she says. “I think he
started that.”
Ultimately,
however, she and Ali were not simpatico. “One morning, he saw me in my bikini,
jumped at me with a towel, wrapped it around me and says: ‘Well, if you’re
gonna be my wife, you cannot wear that.’ I thought ‘Oooh, this is too strange
for me!’”
Pat
Cleveland with Mohammed Ali in 1966
‘He was
just a big, fluffy, teddy bear guy’ ... Cleveland with Muhammad Ali in 1966.
Photograph: Lady Bird Cleveland
Andy Warhol
was also a friend and she was a regular for afternoon tea at Salvador Dalí’s.
“I’d be sitting there posing like a little dog and he would never do a drawing.
He’d just walk around the table looking at me.” Surely being a muse got
tedious? “Oh no! I’m not the muse; they were my muses. I was watching and
studying them.”
Cleveland
had been painting since childhood and was educated at the High School of Art
and Design in Manhattan (alumni include Calvin Klein, Marc Jacobs and her
lifelong friend Lopez). Most of the people she met were too busy looking at her
to realise she was looking right back.
We’d go for a walk and be accosted by racists
throwing rocks ... I just threw rocks back
As a child
in 50s Harlem, she had learned to stand apart. “I didn’t see anybody that
looked like me, or was like me.” She was a girl of mixed heritage, growing up
in an area that was diverse, but in some ways still segregated. “Sometimes I’d
be in the Irish bar, or with my Jewish friend, then my Puerto Rican girlfriend
would teach me Spanish, then on the corner, in the black neighbourhood, they’d
be singing:‘Doo-wah, doo-wah …’”
Her father,
a jazz saxophonist called Johnny Johnston, returned to his native Sweden
shortly after Cleveland’s birth, leaving her to be raised by her mother and
aunt. Her aunt was one of the black bohemians who had travelled to Europe years
before, seeking freedom from prejudice, as her niece would years later. “My
auntie worked in the opera house in Paris, making clothes and doing her
dancing, and when she came to live with us she brought all these things.
Everywhere you went was a creative mess of fabrics and paint and drums.”
Dancers who worked with the renowned choreographer Katherine Dunham would come
over to practise in Cleveland’s living room. “So there were always men,
half-dressed, doing all of this drumming, and I would get up in the middle of
the night and go dance with them.”
Pat
Cleveland at a fitting with the designer Stephen Burrows
Cleveland
still models – she walked for the designers Nicole Miller and Chiara Boni at
last autumn’s New York fashion week – although “danced” is a better way to
describe it. “There’s this open space in front of you, and when the spotlight
is on you feel like you’re flying to the sun. You feel the energy of the people
and you can hear their hearts beating. Then you think to yourself: ‘Oh, these
are my people! I gotta make ’em happy today!’”
When we
speak over video chat, she is in her New Jersey studio, surrounded by brushes
and half-finished works, mostly colourful collages, some incorporating her
modelling shots. At 70, she seems unchanged. She still has the effervescence
that has ensured invitations to every party worth going to for the past 50
years.
It is easy
to imagine her as a kid, sitting at the knee of her mother. Lady Bird Cleveland
worked as an artist at the tail end of the Harlem Renaissance, specialising in
black history subjects, raising her only child with the support of friends
including the photographer Carl Van Vechten and the opera singer Marian
Anderson. “Sometimes I’d drink the water from the watercolours,” says
Cleveland; her mother would say: “Well, if you don’t drink the paint, you’ll
never be an artist.” Our call is suddenly interrupted. “Can you hear that?” she
says. “The peacocks!” She and her husband keep them as pets. It seems apt.
Cleveland
feels an affinity with designers because, when she started out, she was one. As
a tall, slim 15-year-old, she could not find anything to fit, so she began
making her own clothes. She was invited to sell her mini-skirts at a boutique
next to the Manhattan nightclub Cheetah. “On the weekend, I’d drop off the
clothes, go dance, come back, pick up my cash and go home,” she says.
Her outfits
caught the eye of a Vogue employee on a New York subway platform in 1966 and
she featured in the magazine as an up-and-coming designer. When she began
modelling, she says, there were not 1,000 people “trying to get your one spot.
It wasn’t fame. It was more like you wanted to work with the designer, y’know?”
That year,
Cleveland was invited to take part in the touring Ebony fashion fair, arranged
by Eunice Johnson, the pioneering black businesswoman and co-founder of Ebony
magazine. Black people were excluded from fashion and some clothing shops at
the time, so the show provided access and inspiration. Johnson “was the
wealthiest woman of colour in the United States”, says Cleveland. “She would go
to the shows in Europe and buy the entire collection, then show these clothes
in selected [US] cities, where the cream of the black society was. She put Yves
Saint Laurent on the map. She had Cardin, Dior, Givenchy, Chanel. She had
everybody.”
Cleveland
had experienced racism before, particularly when visiting her mother’s hometown
in Georgia. “I had cousins who were not as fair-skinned as me and we’d go for a
walk in town and be accosted by racists throwing rocks. I was from New York, so
what did I know? I just threw rocks back. I thought it was a game, but we could
have been killed.”
When she
toured the south with the Ebony fashion fair, the models received death threats
and were turned away from “whites-only” establishments. “It was pretty
dangerous to be in a bus with clothes worth millions of dollars and 10 black
girls,” she says. “The driver had to pack pistols.” For all the ugliness and
tumult, this was when she learned her craft. “Every night, we’d do a show,
sometimes in a church on top of set-up tables as our runway, with one light at
the end. You get a lot of experience walking on a shaky table like that.”
Back in New
York, she signed to Ford Models, but the boss, Eileen Ford, made it plain that
she saw little potential for black models. “I was the only one there. Me and
maybe a girl named Charlene Dash and – oh my God, forget it, they would never
take anyone darker.”
In 1982,
Cleveland married the Dutch model and fashion photographer Paul van Ravenstein.
They had two children; her modelling work became less frequent, but never
stopped. Her daughter Anna models, too, and the pair have walked for Chanel and
appeared together in campaigns for Zac Posen and Lanvin.
Cleveland
started her own modelling agency – in Piedmont, north-west Italy – in 1995,
inspired by her desire to right an industry wrong. “They were giving me all the
money, ’cause I was American, the star, and all these Italian models – really
high-class, beautiful, excellent models – were getting paid very little. Those
were my Italian girlfriends, who always had my back, so I started an agency.
That way I got them the good money.”
The only
moment of our conversation when Cleveland is lost for words is when I tell her
about the racial profiling of British Vogue’s editor, Edward Enninful. In July,
he described how he was instructed to “use the loading bay” by a security guard
at the magazine’s offices. “I’m getting freaked out over here,” says Cleveland.
“I have to take a minute to absorb this … I mean, if he was in America, they
would brutalise him.” After a few deep breaths, she looks up again and smiles:
“Y’know, when you’re a fairy, you get caught up in spider webs. You train to be
what you truly are, a light, like those little light bugs that light up the
night. You were born like that and that’s your energy.”
This energy
has seen her through some extraordinary experiences. In March 2019, Cleveland
was in Paris for fashion week when she fell ill with what was later diagnosed
as colon cancer and taken to hospital. She was staying two floors down from
where Lagerfeld had died a month earlier. “I think I had a visitation by his
ghost,” she says. “There he was, on the edge of my bed. He just said: ‘Don’t
worry, my dear. You’re gonna be OK.’”
This proved
true. A crowdfunding appeal set up by her husband to help pay her medical costs
received donations from Jacobs, Posen, Helena Christensen and Katie Grand. “I
didn’t know I had that many friends,” she says. “Thank God for Instagram!” That
is how Cleveland stays in touch with her fashion people these days. “Because we
love pictures. We like to keep it shiny and bright and we try to create that
atmosphere of how we like the world to be. Now, even though there’s a whole
bunch of stuff going on – and we understand it – designers and artists are put
here to make the world beautiful.”
If you have
only seen Cleveland on the catwalk, you might get the impression that she
floats above the world’s troubles. But that is not quite right. As her Vogue
vow – and her participation in a recent Black Trans Lives Matter event – shows,
she has always been ready to oppose discrimination. But her gift is her
connection to beauty. Like her peacocks, she is grounded – and fabulous.
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